Andrews), the holes may be laid out in one long loop, beginning and ending at the clubhouse, and thus the front 9 is referred to on the scorecard as "out" (heading out away from clubhouse) and the back 9 as "in" (heading back in toward the clubhouse). On older courses (especially links courses, like the Old Course at St. Eighteen-hole courses are traditionally broken down into a "front 9" (holes 1–9) and a "back 9" (holes 10–18). It is also common for separate tee-off points to be positioned for men, women, and amateurs, each one respectively lying closer to the green. In complex areas, two holes may share the same tee box, fairway, or even green. Combined with the need to package all the fairways within what is frequently a compact square or rectangular plot of land, the fairways of a course tend to form an oppositional tiling pattern. It is also preferable to arrange greens to be close to the tee box of the next playable hole, to minimize travel distance while playing a round, and to vary the mix of shorter and longer holes. The layout of a course follows certain traditional principles, such as the number of holes (nine and 18 being most common), their par values, and the number of holes of each par value per course. Bunkers and sand traps are always built in by architects unless the formation of such items is already in the course's natural terrain. This is increasingly the case as new courses are more likely to be sited on less optimal land. While golf courses often follow the original landscape, some modification is unavoidable. The field is partially represented by the American Society of Golf Course Architects, the European Institute of Golf Course Architects, and the Society of Australian Golf Course Architects, although many of the finest golf course architects in the world choose not to become members of any such group, as associations of architects are not government-sanctioned licensing bodies, but private groups. Some golf course designers become celebrities in their own right, such as Alister MacKenzie others are professional golfers of high standing and demonstrated appreciation for golf course composition, such as Jack Nicklaus. The golf course has its origins when the first 18-hole course was created in 1764 at Old Course in St Andrews, Scotland.ĭesign Kytäjä Golf in Kytäjä, Hyvinkää, FinlandĪlthough a specialty within landscape design or landscape architecture, golf course architecture is considered a separate field of study. Many private courses are found at country clubs. Courses are private, public, or municipally owned, and typically feature a pro shop. The first golf courses were based on the topography of sand dunes and dune slacks with a ground cover of grasses, exposed to the wind and sea. Many older courses are links, often coastal. Short courses have gained in popularity these consist of mostly par 3 holes, but often have some short par 4 holes. Par-3 courses consist of holes all of which have a par of three. The vast majority of golf courses have holes of varying length and difficulties that are assigned a standard score, known as par, that a proficient player should be able to achieve this is usually three, four or five strokes. There are also courses with a non-standard number of holes, such as 12 or 14. A standard round of golf consists of 18 holes, and as such most courses contain 18 distinct holes however, there are many 9-hole courses and some that have holes with shared fairways or greens. The cup holds a flagstick, known as a "pin". It consists of a series of holes, each consisting of a tee box, a fairway, the rough and other hazards, and a green with a cylindrical hole in the ground, known as a "cup". JSTOR ( September 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Īerial view of a golf course ( Golfplatz Wittenbeck at the Baltic Sea, Germany)Ī golf course is the grounds on which the sport of golf is played.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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